{"id":54874,"date":"2026-10-05T16:59:59","date_gmt":"2026-10-05T16:59:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifestylemag.com\/?p=54874"},"modified":"2026-10-05T17:34:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T17:34:46","slug":"ngatu-the-tongan-cloth-that-keeps-the-record","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifestylemag.com\/pt-br\/ngatu-the-tongan-cloth-that-keeps-the-record\/","title":{"rendered":"Ngatu, the Tongan cloth that keeps the record"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Catherine Jacobi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um cometa, um rei ainda estudante e um Spitfire batizado em homenagem a uma rainha: como as mulheres de Tonga transformaram a casca de \u00e1rvore em registro dos momentos que suas ilhas escolheram lembrar.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo: James Alcock, 2023. \u00a9 Australian Museum. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na manh\u00e3 de 9 de junho de 2023, dois guindastes ergueram um rolo pesado do dep\u00f3sito do Australian Museum em Castle Hill, e um caminh\u00e3o o levou at\u00e9 o Blacktown Leisure Centre, numa regi\u00e3o do oeste de Sydney onde vivem muitas fam\u00edlias das ilhas do Pac\u00edfico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estendido no ch\u00e3o, media 29 por 15 metros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nukuhetulu Koka’anga, 2017. ICHCAP, via Google Arts & Culture. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O povo de Tonga o havia oferecido ao Sydney Opera House Trust para a inaugura\u00e7\u00e3o do edif\u00edcio pela rainha Elizabeth II, em 1973, e ele foi usado durante as cerim\u00f4nias. Fr\u00e1gil e grande demais para permanecer ali, seguiu para o museu, onde esperou, enrolado, por meio s\u00e9culo. A princesa Angelika, de Tonga, compareceu para v\u00ea-lo aberto por inteiro pela primeira vez desde ent\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seu nome \u00e9 Ngatu Me\u2019a\u2019ofa<\/em>, que o museu traduz como \"tapa presenteado\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O que o p\u00fablico em Blacktown viu naquela manh\u00e3 era um presente e, ao mesmo tempo, uma p\u00e1gina. Toda sociedade guarda sua mem\u00f3ria em algum lugar: em arquivos, em monumentos, no \u00e1lbum de fotos da fam\u00edlia. Tonga guarda h\u00e1 muito tempo uma parte generosa dela em tecido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngatu, o nome tongan\u00eas para o tecido de casca de \u00e1rvore, \u00e9 feito da casca interna da amoreira-de-papel, batida at\u00e9 ficar fina, unida em grandes folhas e depois decorada por grupos de mulheres que trabalham lado a lado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O fazer \u00e9 coletivo, e o lembrar tamb\u00e9m. As mulheres primeiro imprimem no tecido uma base de padr\u00f5es herdados e depois pintam por cima \u00e0 m\u00e3o, e as longas horas ao redor da mesa servem tamb\u00e9m para trocar not\u00edcias e hist\u00f3rias, como observa o Bowers Museum, na Calif\u00f3rnia. O que tivesse import\u00e2ncia naquela esta\u00e7\u00e3o podia encontrar seu lugar na superf\u00edcie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O Te Papa, museu nacional da Nova Zel\u00e2ndia, que re\u00fane cerca de 60 ngatu tonganeses, os descreve como documentos hist\u00f3ricos que registram momentos pequenos e grandes, tal como os pr\u00f3prios tonganeses os viam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lido dessa forma, o tecido se torna uma cr\u00f4nica da chegada do mundo moderno \u00e0s ilhas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gramofones e bicicletas aparecem nos ngatu da cole\u00e7\u00e3o do Te Papa, ao lado de trof\u00e9us de cr\u00edquete, le\u00f5es, pombas e do bras\u00e3o de Tonga. Um tecido de por volta de 1911 registra a passagem do cometa Halley, avistado em 1910. Outro marca o momento em que a eletricidade chegou a um vilarejo, com postes de luz el\u00e9trica pintados sobre a casca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0s vezes, o tecido se lembra de uma pessoa antes da pr\u00f3pria hist\u00f3ria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Purchased in 2009. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Te Papa (FE012487)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um ngatu datado de 1932 traz o nome Siaosi T\u0101ufa'\u0101hau, pintado ao lado de trof\u00e9us de cr\u00edquete e do bras\u00e3o do Tupou College, onde ele era ent\u00e3o aluno. D\u00e9cadas depois, ele se tornaria o rei T\u0101ufa'\u0101hau Tupou IV, e um peda\u00e7o de casca de \u00e1rvore guardava seu nome desde o in\u00edcio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quando a Segunda Guerra Mundial chegou ao Pac\u00edfico, chegou tamb\u00e9m ao tecido. Sob o reinado de S\u0101lote Tupou III, Tonga arrecadou \u00a315.000 para que a Gr\u00e3-Bretanha comprasse tr\u00eas Spitfires, e o primeiro, pago em abril de 1941, recebeu o nome da rainha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gift of Valerie Morris, 1989. Te Papa (FE008724). <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um ngatu feito nos anos 1940 mostra esse avi\u00e3o levando uma faixa com os dizeres Queen Salote<\/em>, pintado ao lado do bras\u00e3o de Tonga e das bandeiras da Gr\u00e3-Bretanha e dos Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um pequeno reino registrou sua participa\u00e7\u00e3o numa guerra mundial nos pr\u00f3prios termos, com os pr\u00f3prios materiais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O que sobrevive no Te Papa \u00e9 apenas um fragmento, e isso faz parte da hist\u00f3ria. Um n\u00famero pintado perto da borda conta as se\u00e7\u00f5es do tecido muito mais longo de onde ele saiu, e Anne Peranteau, conservadora de t\u00eaxteis do museu, explica que os ngatu eram cortados para que peda\u00e7os menores pudessem ser dados de presente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9 um arquivo feito para viajar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O Te Papa descreve o ngatu de hoje como um presente em circula\u00e7\u00e3o constante, passado de fam\u00edlia em fam\u00edlia em casamentos, funerais e outras ocasi\u00f5es, de modo que um tecido feito para marcar o momento de uma casa pode muito bem reaparecer no de outra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como o ngatu vive do uso, ele tamb\u00e9m aprendeu a mudar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quando mulheres tonganesas na Nova Zel\u00e2ndia encontraram dificuldade para importar a casca de \u00e1rvore de casa, come\u00e7aram a experimentar. Em mar\u00e7o de 1996, o 'Ilo Me'a Fo'ou (New Creations) Tongan Women's Group, de Upper Hutt, perto de Wellington, fez um ngatu pepa<\/em> de Vilene, a entretela sint\u00e9tica vendida em lojas de tecidos, unindo suas camadas com farinha e \u00e1gua quente. Elas mantiveram a antiga paleta de vermelho escuro, marrom e preto com borda esbranqui\u00e7ada, para que ficasse o mais parecido poss\u00edvel com a vers\u00e3o em casca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O material era novo, mas a maneira de fazer e decorar vinha direto de casa. Em 2021, o grupo Akomai Heritage levou tr\u00eas gera\u00e7\u00f5es de fam\u00edlias tonganesas ao Te Papa para uma semana de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de ngatu \u00e0 vista do p\u00fablico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em 2021, o grupo Akomai Heritage levou tr\u00eas gera\u00e7\u00f5es de fam\u00edlias tonganesas ao Te Papa para uma semana de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de ngatu \u00e0 vista do p\u00fablico. Como contou uma das mulheres \u00e0 RNZ Pacific: \"Nascemos com o ngatu e somos enterrados com o ngatu.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para a amada rainha de Tonga, essa frase foi literal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0101lote, cujo nome havia voado naquele primeiro Spitfire, morreu na Nova Zel\u00e2ndia em 1965, oito anos antes de seu reino enviar o presente a Sydney para a rainha Elizabeth II. Quando seu corpo foi levado de volta para casa, um ngatu de cerca de 23 metros foi colocado sob seu caix\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Te Papa (FE012488), Unknown; maker\/artist; 1940s; Tonga. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esse tecido hoje repousa no Te Papa, na mesma cole\u00e7\u00e3o do avi\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Te Papa (FE010743), Ilo Me’a Fo’ou (New Creations); artist; March 1996; New Zealand.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Catherine Jacobi A comet, a schoolboy king and a Spitfire named for a queen: how the women of Tonga turned barkcloth into a record of the moments their islands chose to remember. Photo: James Alcock, 2023. \u00a9 Australian Museum.  On the morning of June 9, 2023, two cranes lifted a heavy roll from the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":54879,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"tpgb_global_settings":"","_lifestyle_hero":false,"_lifestyle_hide_title":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[399,465,466,467],"edicao":[],"class_list":["post-54874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-culture","tag-arts","tag-ngatu","tag-culture","tag-tonga"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNgatu, the Tongan cloth that keeps the record | Lifestyle Mag<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How the women of Tonga turned barkcloth into Ngatu: a record of the moments their islands chose to remember.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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